From
Fire to Reservoir: Application of Geomatics to Estimate Post-Fire Reservoir
Sedimentation
Wildfires
do not end when the flames are extinguished. The loss of vegetation cover,
changes in soil hydrological properties, and the development of water-repellent
soil layers can increase runoff and promote accelerated erosion during rainfall
events following a fire. This process is particularly relevant in Mediterranean
catchments, where intense precipitation can mobilize large amounts of sediment
into river channels and, ultimately, reservoirs. The magnitude of this response
depends on factors such as fire severity, topography, soil characteristics, and
the intensity and temporal distribution of rainfall.
Geomatics
provides a set of tools for transforming information from burned areas into
quantitative data useful for water-resource management. The combination of
Sentinel-2 imagery and other Earth observation sensors makes it possible to
delineate burned areas and characterize fire severity, while Geographic
Information Systems (GIS) facilitate the integration of slope, land cover,
precipitation, hydrological, and erosion-model variables. Methods such as
RUSLE, WEPP, and specific post-fire erosion-risk models can be used to estimate
potential sediment production and transport.
The
second scale of analysis is the reservoir itself. The multitemporal comparison
of digital terrain models, bathymetric surveys, UAV photogrammetry, and
satellite data makes it possible to identify sediment deposition areas and
estimate volumetric changes. The integration of Sentinel-2 imagery with
water-level data, for example, provides an alternative approach for estimating
sedimentation rates and losses in reservoir storage capacity. In post-fire
studies, repeated surveys of sediment deposits within reservoirs can also
provide valuable information for quantifying sediment yields from burned
catchments.
Therefore,
estimating post-fire reservoir sedimentation should be approached as an
integrated spatial and temporal problem: identifying the burned area,
estimating its susceptibility to erosion, modelling sediment connectivity, and
quantifying the sediment ultimately retained within the reservoir. This
approach can contribute to anticipating losses in useful storage capacity,
prioritizing catchment restoration measures, and improving water-resource
planning in Mediterranean territories increasingly affected by recurrent
wildfires.
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